How to Fix the curl error ssl certificate unable to get local issuer certificate Issue

If you’ve ever tried using the curl command to make an HTTPS request, only to be met with the error message curl error ssl certificate unable to get local issuer certificate, don’t panic. This error generally happens when curl is unable to verify the SSL certificate of the server you’re trying to connect to. Let’s dive deeper into why this happens and how you can easily fix it.

What is the curl error ssl certificate unable to get local issuer certificate?

When you make an HTTPS request using curl, the tool checks whether the server’s SSL certificate is valid. This is done by validating the certificate chain — a series of certificates starting from a root certificate authority (CA) to the server’s certificate. If curl cannot verify this chain, it will throw the unable to get local issuer certificate error.

This is often due to missing or outdated certificate authorities (CA certificates) on your system, or because the server you’re trying to connect to isn’t providing the full chain of certificates.

Possible Causes of the Error

Several issues can cause the error to appear:

1. Missing or Outdated CA Certificates
   Your system might lack the required CA certificates, or they could be outdated. Without these certificates, curl cannot validate the SSL certificate of the server.
2. Server SSL Configuration Issues
   The server you’re trying to connect to might not be sending the correct intermediate certificates, causing an incomplete certificate chain.
3. Curl Configuration Problems
   Your curl installation might be misconfigured, meaning it’s not using the correct certificates or file paths.
4. Outdated Operating System or Curl Version
   If you’re using an old version of curl or an outdated operating system, your system might not have up-to-date SSL handling.

How to Fix the curl error ssl certificate unable to get local issuer certificate

Here are a few ways to resolve this issue, depending on the cause.

1. Update Your CA Certificates

Most systems use a bundle of CA certificates to verify SSL connections. If these certificates are outdated or missing, you’ll encounter the error. Here’s how to update them:

• For Linux:
  • On Ubuntu or Debian, run: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates
  • On CentOS or RedHat, use: sudo yum update ca-certificates
• For macOS:
  You can update the certificates using Homebrew: brew update brew upgrade openssl
• For Windows:
  • Download the latest CA certificates from a trusted source like the Curl website.
  • Set the CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to the location of the downloaded certificate.

2. Use the --insecure Option (Not Recommended for Production)

If you’re in a hurry and don’t mind bypassing the SSL verification (not recommended for sensitive data or production environments), you can use the --insecure option to ignore certificate validation:

curl --insecure https://example.com

While this will allow the connection, it makes the connection vulnerable to potential attacks, so use it with caution.

3. Provide the Correct Certificate Path

If you already have the required certificates, you can tell curl to use them directly. Use the --cacert option to specify the certificate file:

curl --cacert /path/to/certificate.pem https://example.com

Alternatively, you can set the CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to the path of your certificate:

export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=/path/to/certificate.pem

4. Fix Server-Side Issues

Sometimes the issue lies with the server you’re connecting to. Ensure that the server is correctly configured to serve the full certificate chain, including any intermediate certificates. You can check if the server is providing the correct certificate chain using online tools like SSL Labs’ SSL Test.

5. Update Curl

Older versions of curl may not have the latest updates for SSL handling. To ensure you have the latest version of curl, update it using the following commands:

• For Linux:
  • On Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install curl
  • On CentOS/RedHat: sudo yum install curl
• For macOS: Update curl using Homebrew: brew install curl
• For Windows: Download the latest version of curl from the official website.

6. Check the SSL Configuration on the Server

If the problem persists even after updating your system, the issue could be server-related. The server might not be correctly configured with SSL certificates, or it may not be sending the full certificate chain. Contact the server administrator and ask them to verify the SSL certificate configuration.

Summary of Steps to Fix the Error:

• Update CA certificates using system package managers or manually downloading them.
• Use the --insecure option to bypass SSL validation (not recommended for production).
• Provide the correct certificate path if you have custom CA certificates.
• Update curl to the latest version to ensure SSL functionality is up-to-date.
• Check server-side issues if the problem persists and contact the server admin.

By following these steps, you should be able to resolve the curl error ssl certificate unable to get local issuer certificate issue. Ensuring proper SSL validation is crucial, especially in production environments, so always take steps to secure your connections.